Current Affairs For India & Rajasthan | Notes for Govt Job Exams

ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

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Cathode Rays
Cathode rays, discovered by Sir William Crooke
and its properties are

  • travel in straight lines.
  • Produce fluorescence.
  • can penetrate through thin foils of metal and deflected
    by both electric and magnetic fields.
  • have velocity ranging 1/30th to 1/10th of the
    velocity of light.

Positive or Canal Rays

  • These rays were discovered by Goldstein.
  • The positive ray consists of positively charged
    particles.
  • These rays travel in straight line.
  • These rays are deflected by electric and magnetic
    fields.
  • These rays can produce ionization in gases.
    X-Rays
  • X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelength
    range 0.1 A-100 A.
  • X-rays were discovered by Roentgen.
  • X-rays travels in straight line.
  • Long exposures of X – rays in injurious for human
    body.
  • X – rays shows photoelectric effect.
    Uses of X-Rays
  • In medical sciences X-rays are used in surgery for
    the detection of fracture, diseased organs, foreign
    matter like bullet, stones etc. They are used in
    treatment of cancer and in skin diseases.
  • In Engineering, X-rays are used in detecting faults,
    cracks, flaws and gas pockets in the finished metal
    products and in heavy metal sheets.
  • In Scientific Work, X-rays are used in studying
    crystal structure and complex molecules.
  • In Custom Department X-rays are used in custom
    department for detection of banned materials kept
    hidden.
    Radioactivity
  • Radioactivity was discovered by Henry Becquerel,
    Madame Curie and Pierre Curie for which they
    jointly won Nobel Prize.
    Nuclear Fission
  • Atom Bomb is based on nuclear fission. U235 and Pu239
    are used as fissionable material.
  • Nuclear fission was first demonstrated by Halin and
    Fritz Strassmann.
    Nuclear Fusion
  • When two or more light nuclei combined together to
    form a heavier nucleus is called as nuclear fusion.
  • For the nuclear fusion, a temperature of the order of
    108 K is required.
  • Hydrogen Bomb was made by the American
    Scientist in 1952. This is based on nuclear fusion.
    It is 1000 times more powerful than atom bomb.

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